What is Pumping Unit?
Definition
Pumping unit is a kind of equipment for oil production, installed on the ground, which drives pump in and out of oil well, it is the most important lifting equipment in sucker rod pumping system.
According to whether there is a beam, it can be divided into beam pumping unit and no-beam pumping unit.
Beam Pumping Unit
Beam pumping unit is one of the main types of pumping units in oil field, consists of donkey head-beam-connecting rod-crank mechanism, reduction gearbox, power system and auxiliary equipment.
The basic characters of beam pumping unit are simple structure, easy manufacture and use convenient. Therefore, although it has the disadvantages of large acceleration, poor balance effect and low efficiency in the movement of donkey’s head suspension point and bulky, but, it is still the most widely used pumping unit in the world.
The principle of beam pumping unit: Change the high speed rotation of the power machine into the low speed rotation of the crank of the pumping unit through the reducer first, and then, makes the rotate movement to the up and down reciprocating motion of the donkey head of the pumping unit by crank-rod-beam mechanism. At last, drive the deep well pump to work through the rope hanger assembly.
Main components of beam pumping unit:
- Power machine which provides power
- The reducer that transmits power and reduces speed
- The four-bar mechanism that transfers power and transforms rotary motion into reciprocating motion
- Donkey head and rope hanger assembly to transfer power and ensure the smooth rod to reciprocating movement
- The brake that holds the pumping unit in any position and balancing device that enable the power machine to work in a small range of load changes etc.
No-beam Pumping Unit
The no-beam pumping unit is also called long stroke pumping unit, it improves the movement performance of the pumping unit, improves the energy saving effect, and reduces the weight and floor area of the whole unit, with the advantages of long stroke, low stroke times, suitable for deep well and heavy oil well production.
The no-beam pumping unit is also called tower type numerical control pumping unit. It is the perfect combination of modern mechanical manufacturing technology, control technology, power electronic technology and mechanical integration technology.
It adopts the control system to drive the motor, the power source and the load of the pumping unit are commutation by the combined reducer to drive pumping rod up and down repeatedly. Through the process of exchanging storage and releasing potential energy to realize the balance of operation, and the mechanical efficiency is more than 50%. Compared with conventional beam pumping unit, the energy saving effect is 20-50% lower, it solves the problem of low mechanical efficiency and high energy consumption of conventional beam pumping units.
